| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment | "Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were stimulated to differentiate either as adherent monolayer cultures in DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2/B27, or as floating embryoid bodies (EBs) exposed to 1 microM retinoic acid (RA) for 4 days, starting from 4 DIV, and subsequently re-plated in DMEM/F12 medium. Adherent monolayer cultures of ES cells expressed mGlu5 receptors throughout the entire differentiation period. Selective pharmacological blockade of mGlu5 receptors with methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) (1 microM, added once a day) accelerated the appearance of the neuronal marker, beta-tubulin. In addition, treatment with MPEP increased the number of cells expressing glutamate decarboxylase-65/67 (GAD(65/67)), a marker of GABAergic neurons. In floating EBs, mGlu5 receptors are progressively replaced by mGlu4 receptors. The orthosteric mGlu4/6/7/8 receptor agonist, L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate (L-AP4), or the selective mGlu4 receptor enhancer, PHCCC,--both combined with RA at concentrations of 30 microM--increased the expression of both beta-tubulin and GAD(65/67), inducing the appearance of fully differentiated neurons that released GABA in response to membrane depolarization. We conclude that mGlu receptor subtypes regulate neuronal differentiation of ES cells in a context-dependent manner, and that subtype-selective ligands of these receptors might be used for the optimization of in vitro protocols aimed at producing GABAergic neurons from ES cells."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier | "doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402298"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Battaglia G."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Nicoletti F."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Stocchi F."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Cappuccio I."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Melchiorri D."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Ferranti F."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Sale P."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Ciceroni C."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Mosillo P."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Sarichelou I."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/date | "2008"xsd:gYear |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/name | "Cell Death Differ"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/pages | "700-707"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/title | "Metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate differentiation of embryonic stem cells into GABAergic neurons."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18174899 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/volume | "15"xsd:string |
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