| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment | "Approximately 200 million people throughout the world are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). One of the most striking features of HCV infection is its high propensity to establish persistence (approximately 70-80%) and progressive liver injury. Galectins are evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins with diverse roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-9, the natural ligand for the T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3), circulates at very high levels in the serum and its hepatic expression (particularly on Kupffer cells) is significantly increased in patients with chronic HCV as compared to normal controls. Galectin-9 production from monocytes and macrophages is induced by IFN-gamma, which has been shown to be elevated in chronic HCV infection. In turn, galectin-9 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver-derived and peripheral mononuclear cells; galectin-9 also induces anti-inflammatory cytokines from peripheral but not hepatic mononuclear cells. Galectin-9 results in expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)CD127(low) regulatory T cells, contraction of CD4(+) effector T cells, and apoptosis of HCV-specific CTLs. In conclusion, galectin-9 production by Kupffer cells links the innate and adaptive immune response, providing a potential novel immunotherapeutic target in this common viral infection."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier | "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009504"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier | "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009504"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Smith M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Smith M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Arikawa T."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Arikawa T."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Busson P."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Busson P."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Niki T."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Niki T."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Rangachari M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Rangachari M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Polyak S.J."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Polyak S.J."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Hirashima M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Hirashima M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Zimmerman M.A."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Zimmerman M.A."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Rosen H.R."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Rosen H.R."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Golden-Mason L."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20209097 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Golden-Mason L."xsd:string |