"p-SMAD2/3 proteins were remarkably increased in bladder carcinoma. High p-SMAD2/3 was not statistically associated with clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Overexpression of hepaCAM prevented the p-SMAD2/3 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in bladder cancer cells. The p-SMAD2/3 pathway is critical for hepaCAM-induced cancer cell apoptosis."xsd:string