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| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment | "Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that links G-protein-coupled receptors to activation of MAPK cascades and cellular growth. In smooth muscle and other cell types, PYK2 activation is dependent on either Ca(2+) or protein kinase C (PKC), and we have previously shown that endothelin-1 (ET) activates PYK2 in adult and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). However, ET both alters intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), and activates the novel, Ca(2+)-independent PKCs. Therefore, immunoprecipitation and western blotting experiments were used to examine the PKC and Ca(2+) dependence of PYK2 activation in NRVM. PYK2 was activated by ET (100 nM; 2-30 min) and phenylephrine (50 microM; 2-30 min), which are both hypertrophic agonists that activate Gq-coupled receptors. Moreover, adenoviral (Adv)-mediated overexpression of constitutively active (ca) Galphaq increased PYK2-Y(402) phosphorylation as early as 8 h post-infection, as compared to NRVM infected with a control Adv encoding beta-galactosidase. caGalphaq overexpression also induced PKC epsilon and PKCdelta (but not PKCalpha) translocation, followed by downregulation of both novel PKC isoenzymes. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 200 nM), a direct activator of Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent PKCs, activated PYK2 within 10 min, and PYK2 phosphorylation remained elevated after 30 min of stimulation. Adv-mediated overexpression of caPKC epsilon increased PYK2 phosphorylation, whereas Adv-mediated overexpression of a kinase-inactive mutant of PKC epsilon markedly inhibited ET-induced, but not basal PYK2 phosphorylation. In contrast, both basal and ET-induced PYK2 phosphorylation were blocked by treatment with the Src-family protein kinase inhibitor PP2. Although reducing [Ca(2+)](i) with either nifedipine (10 microM) or BAPTA-AM (50 microM) decreased basal PYK2 phosphorylation, it did not prevent ET-induced PYK2 activation. Furthermore, increasing [Ca(2+)](i) with ionomycin (10 microM), K(+) depolarization, or BayK8644 (1 microM) was not sufficient to further activate PYK2. These data demonstrate that ET-induced PYK2 activation is Gq, PKC epsilon, and Src dependent, describing a distinct signaling pathway leading to agonist-induced PYK2 activation in cardiomyocytes."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier | "doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(03)00228-1"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Byron K.L."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Samarel A.M."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Heller Brown J."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Heidkamp M.C."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Bayer A.L."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Howes A.L."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/date | "2003"xsd:gYear |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/name | "J Mol Cell Cardiol"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/pages | "1121-1133"xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/title | "Protein kinase C epsilon-dependent activation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes."xsd:string |
| http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12967635 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/volume | "35"xsd:string |
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