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http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"

Background

Although over 1400 Salmonella serovars cause usually self-limited gastroenteritis in humans, a few, e.g., Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi C, cause typhoid, a potentially fatal systemic infection. It is not known whether the typhoid agents have evolved from a common ancestor (by divergent processes) or acquired similar pathogenic traits independently (by convergent processes). Comparison of different typhoid agents with non-typhoidal Salmonella lineages will provide excellent models for studies on how similar pathogens might have evolved.

Methodologies/principal findings

We sequenced a strain of S. paratyphi C, RKS4594, and compared it with previously sequenced Salmonella strains. RKS4594 contains a chromosome of 4,833,080 bp and a plasmid of 55,414 bp. We predicted 4,640 intact coding sequences (4,578 in the chromosome and 62 in the plasmid) and 152 pseudogenes (149 in the chromosome and 3 in the plasmid). RKS4594 shares as many as 4346 of the 4,640 genes with a strain of S. choleraesuis, which is primarily a swine pathogen, but only 4008 genes with another human-adapted typhoid agent, S. typhi. Comparison of 3691 genes shared by all six sequenced Salmonella strains placed S. paratyphi C and S. choleraesuis together at one end, and S. typhi at the opposite end, of the phylogenetic tree, demonstrating separate ancestries of the human-adapted typhoid agents. S. paratyphi C seemed to have suffered enormous selection pressures during its adaptation to man as suggested by the differential nucleotide substitutions and different sets of pseudogenes, between S. paratyphi C and S. choleraesuis.

Conclusions

S. paratyphi C does not share a common ancestor with other human-adapted typhoid agents, supporting the convergent evolution model of the typhoid agents. S. paratyphi C has diverged from a common ancestor with S. choleraesuis by accumulating genomic novelty during adaptation to man."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004510"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004510"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004510"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen F."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen F."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen F."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Feng Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Feng Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Feng Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Guo J.-T."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Guo J.-T."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Guo J.-T."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Hu S.-N."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Hu S.-N."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Hu S.-N."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Jin Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Jin Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Jin Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Johnston R.N."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Johnston R.N."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19229335http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Johnston R.N."xsd:string
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