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http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"

Background

Using A549 alveolar epithelial type II-like cells, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of rhinovirus (RV)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 secretion and viral replication.

Methods

Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared by smoking two commercial cigarettes with filters (0.9-mg of nicotine and 8.5-mg of tar per cigarette). Cells were infected with RV serotype 16 (RV-16) and cultured for 2 days (RV group), pretreated with 1, 2.5, or 5% CSE for 1 day before RV infection, and culture with CSE for 2 days after infection (RV plus CSE group), or were cultured in medium for 3 days (control group), treated with 1, 2.5, or 5% CSE for 3 days (CSE group). Changes in TLR3, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and TLR3 protein expression were assessed by flow cytometry; IL-6 and IL-8 secretions were measured by ELISA; and RV replication was assessed by viral culture.

Results

CSE increased RV-induced TLR3 expression and RV-induced IL-8 secretion at lower concentrations in A549 cells. On the contrary, CSE dose dependently inhibited RV-induced IL-6 secretions and had no effect on RV replications.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that cigarette smoke may potentiate viral common cold symptoms by enhancing IL-8 secretion at lower concentrations, but not by increasing viral replication."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3407"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Kim H."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Wang J.H."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Jang Y.J."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/date"2009"xsd:gYear
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/name"Am J Rhinol Allergy"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/pages"e5-9"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/title"Cigarette smoke extract enhances rhinovirus-induced toll-like receptor 3 expression and interleukin-8 secretion in A549 cells."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://purl.uniprot.org/core/volume"23"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19769802http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatchhttp://purl.uniprot.org/pubmed/19769802
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