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Background

Enhanced platelet activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients has been reported and shown to strongly correlate with plasma viral load. Activated platelets are known to express and to release a variety of proteins that can modulate the immune system. Specifically, platelet-derived CD154 has been shown to be directly involved in the development of autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The mechanism by which HIV-1 infection leads to platelet activation and the effect of this activation on the development of HIV-1 ITP, however, is not fully understood.

Objective

We have investigated the effect of HIV-1 Trans activating factor (Tat) on platelet activation.

Results

We report that HIV-1 Tat directly interacts with platelets and induces platelet activation resulting in platelet micro-particle release. This activation by Tat requires the chemokine receptor CCR3 and β3-integrin expression on platelets, as well as calcium flux. Tat-induced activation of platelets releases platelet CD154, an immune modulator. Enhanced B-cell activity is found in mouse spleen B cells co-cultured with platelets treated with Tat in vitro. An early antibody response against adenovirus is found in Tat-injected mouse immunized with adenovirus, suggesting an enhanced immune response in vivo.

Conclusions

We have described a role of Tat-induced platelet activation in the modulation of the immune system, with implications for the development of HIV-1-associated thrombocytopenia."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04168.x"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Li Z."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Wang J."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Zhang W."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Nardi M.A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/date"2011"xsd:gYear
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/name"J Thromb Haemost"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/pages"562-573"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/title"HIV-1 Tat-induced platelet activation and release of CD154 contribute to HIV-1-associated autoimmune thrombocytopenia."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21143381http://purl.uniprot.org/core/volume"9"xsd:string
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