http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment | "Intestinal microbes provide multicellular hosts with nutrients and confer resistance to infection. The delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, essential for gut immune homeostasis, is affected by the composition of the commensal microbial community. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) expressing transcription factor Foxp3 have a key role in limiting inflammatory responses in the intestine. Although specific members of the commensal microbial community have been found to potentiate the generation of anti-inflammatory Treg or pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells, the molecular cues driving this process remain elusive. Considering the vital metabolic function afforded by commensal microorganisms, we reasoned that their metabolic by-products are sensed by cells of the immune system and affect the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cells. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the effect of microbial metabolites on the generation of anti-inflammatory Treg cells. We found that in mice a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), butyrate, produced by commensal microorganisms during starch fermentation, facilitated extrathymic generation of Treg cells. A boost in Treg-cell numbers after provision of butyrate was due to potentiation of extrathymic differentiation of Treg cells, as the observed phenomenon was dependent on intronic enhancer CNS1 (conserved non-coding sequence 1), essential for extrathymic but dispensable for thymic Treg-cell differentiation. In addition to butyrate, de novo Treg-cell generation in the periphery was potentiated by propionate, another SCFA of microbial origin capable of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, but not acetate, which lacks this HDAC-inhibitory activity. Our results suggest that bacterial metabolites mediate communication between the commensal microbiota and the immune system, affecting the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier | "doi:10.1038/nature12726"xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Campbell C."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Fan X."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Liu H."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Coffer P.J."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Pfeffer K."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Cross J.R."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Rudensky A.Y."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Dikiy S."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "deRoos P."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "Arpaia N."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author | "van der Veeken J."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/date | "2013"xsd:gYear |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/name | "Nature"xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/pages | "451-455"xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/title | "Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation."xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://purl.uniprot.org/core/volume | "504"xsd:string |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch | http://purl.uniprot.org/pubmed/24226773 |
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 | http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopicOf | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24226773 |
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http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/#_A0A3Q4EC35-mappedCitation-24226773 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object | http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 |
http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/#_A0A3Q4EC46-mappedCitation-24226773 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object | http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 |
http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/#_A0A3Q4EI60-mappedCitation-24226773 | http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object | http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24226773 |