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http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3, also known as HAVCR2) is an activation-induced inhibitory molecule involved in tolerance and shown to induce T-cell exhaustion in chronic viral infection and cancers. Under some conditions, TIM-3 expression has also been shown to be stimulatory. Considering that TIM-3, like cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), is being targeted for cancer immunotherapy, it is important to identify the circumstances under which TIM-3 can inhibit and activate T-cell responses. Here we show that TIM-3 is co-expressed and forms a heterodimer with carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), another well-known molecule expressed on activated T cells and involved in T-cell inhibition. Biochemical, biophysical and X-ray crystallography studies show that the membrane-distal immunoglobulin-variable (IgV)-like amino-terminal domain of each is crucial to these interactions. The presence of CEACAM1 endows TIM-3 with inhibitory function. CEACAM1 facilitates the maturation and cell surface expression of TIM-3 by forming a heterodimeric interaction in cis through the highly related membrane-distal N-terminal domains of each molecule. CEACAM1 and TIM-3 also bind in trans through their N-terminal domains. Both cis and trans interactions between CEACAM1 and TIM-3 determine the tolerance-inducing function of TIM-3. In a mouse adoptive transfer colitis model, CEACAM1-deficient T cells are hyper-inflammatory with reduced cell surface expression of TIM-3 and regulatory cytokines, and this is restored by T-cell-specific CEACAM1 expression. During chronic viral infection and in a tumour environment, CEACAM1 and TIM-3 mark exhausted T cells. Co-blockade of CEACAM1 and TIM-3 leads to enhancement of anti-tumour immune responses with improved elimination of tumours in mouse colorectal cancer models. Thus, CEACAM1 serves as a heterophilic ligand for TIM-3 that is required for its ability to mediate T-cell inhibition, and this interaction has a crucial role in regulating autoimmunity and anti-tumour immunity."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1038/nature13848"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1038/nature13848"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen Q."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen Q."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Kondo Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Kondo Y."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Petsko G.A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Petsko G.A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Russell A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Russell A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Ploegh H.L."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Ploegh H.L."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Anderson A.C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Anderson A.C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Franke A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Franke A."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Zhu C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Zhu C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Huang Y.H."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Huang Y.H."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Blumberg R.S."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25363763http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Blumberg R.S."xsd:string
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