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http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#typehttp://purl.uniprot.org/core/Journal_Citation
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"

Background

Apamin-sensitive small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels are gated by intracellular Ca(2+) through a constitutive interaction with calmodulin.

Objective

We hypothesize that arrhythmogenic human calmodulin mutations impede activation of SK channels.

Methods

We studied 5 previously published calmodulin mutations (N54I, N98S, D96V, D130G, and F90L). Plasmids encoding either wild-type or mutant calmodulin were transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells that stably express subtype 2 of SK protein channels (SK2 cells). Whole-cell voltage-clamp recording was used to determine apamin-sensitive current densities. We also performed optical mapping studies in normal murine hearts to determine the effects of apamin in hearts with (n=7) or without (n=3) pretreatment with sea anemone toxin.

Results

SK2 cells transfected with wild-type calmodulin exhibited an apamin-sensitive current density of 33.6 pA/pF (31.4-36.5 pA/pF) (median and confidence interval 25th-75th percentile), which was significantly higher than that observed for cells transfected with N54I (17.0 pA/pF [14.0-27.7 pA/pF]; P = .016), F90L (22.6 pA/pF [20.3-24.3 pA/pF]; P = .011), D96V (13.0 pA/pF [10.9-15.8 pA/pF]; P = .003), N98S (13.7 pA/pF [8.8-20.4 pA/pF]; P = .005), and D130G (17.6 pA/pF [13.8-24.6 pA/pF]; P = .003). The decrease in SK2 current densities was not associated with a decrease in membrane protein expression or intracellular distribution of the channel protein. Apamin increased the ventricular action potential duration at 80% repolarization (from 79.6 ms [63.4-93.3 ms] to 121.8 ms [97.9-127.2 ms]; P = .010) in hearts pretreated with anemone toxin but not in control hearts.

Conclusion

Human arrhythmogenic calmodulin mutations impede the activation of SK2 channels in human embryonic kidney 293 cells."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.009"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.009"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen Z."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen Z."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen P.S."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Chen P.S."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Vatta M."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Vatta M."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"George A.L. Jr."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"George A.L. Jr."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Yu C.C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Yu C.C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Tsai W.C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Tsai W.C."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Ai T."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Ai T."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Everett T.H. IV"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Everett T.H. IV"xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Ko J.S."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Ko J.S."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Rubart M."xsd:string
http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27165696http://purl.uniprot.org/core/author"Rubart M."xsd:string
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